Binding-fuel material and process of producing the same



of a binding fuel material and its usezin.

Patented Sept. 1924.

rimononn NAGEL, or imooxLYN, NEW YORK.

BINDING-FUEL MATERIAL AND PBOCESSOF PRODUCING-THE SAME.

K0 Drawing. I

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THEODORE NAGEL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of. Brooklyn, county of Kings, and city and State of New York,

have invented new and useful Improve ments in Binding-Fuel Materials and Processes of Producing the Same,

following is a specification '-briquets must fuel briquets claims.

This invention relates to the production various agglomerating processes and particularly applicable to the manufacture of insoluble, smokeless fuels especially for domestic use.

- The object of this invention is toprovide a practical binding material for processing fines of fuels to produce a commercial com modity.

With these and other objects in view, this invention consists in the various steps and combination of steps constituting the process, all as will be more fully-hereinafter disclosed and particularly pointed out in the The carrying out of m ture of hard, water-insoluble, smokeless briquets in which my improved binding material is used. The smokeless fuels available for this process are fines of anthracite, coke, semi-carbonized bituminous coal and carbonized lignite.

As an example of my improved binding fuel material I mix approximately one part by weight of sulphuric acid of not over 50% strength with four parts by weight of a liquid possessing adhesive properties, sulphite pitch, the concentrated waste liquor producedin making wood pulp.

Comminuted smokeless fuel is wetted with my improved binding material, the mixture just referred to; then pressed to form briquets. To convert the binding material into a hard, water-insoluble,

be baked at a temperature above 400 F. and preferably below 800 F., for example at least 15 minutes depending of course upon the. size and shape of the briquets.

That m invention may be more clearly understoo I refer by wa manufacture of briquets in which pitch, tar and asphaltum oil residue are used as the Application filed December 8, 1923; Serial No. 679,305.

binding materials.

of. which the partly for the production of. water invention may be best illustrated by describing the manufaosuch as.

smokeless binder the- I claims.

of contrast to the These materials are softened to flowing by heating and are then 'mixedwith heated comminuted fuels to pre- Thisvent chilling the binding material.

mixture is'pressed 'to form, briquets which when cooled are .hard and water-insoluble.

These briquets on burning produce smoke,

soften and disintegrate as the binder burns before the coal particles are consumed. All

binders of this nature when burning are volatilized and give off carbon compounds which with insufficient oxygen producefinely divided carbon in the form of smoke. A method of overcomingthis is to fix the volatile carbon compounds; This I have succeeded in doing.

"Strong dehydrating agents, such as sul-Iv phiiric acid, zinc chloride, etc.,- on heating abstract the water of combination from hydrocarbons and leave carbon.

When baking, tocure the binding material of the briquets made with sulphite pitch and sulphuric acid, the hydrocarbons are split up by the acid leaving'a carbon which forms a bond between thesolid particles.

The acid decomposes the organic and inorganic materials contained in the bindin ma-- terial converting them into water-inso uble substances and renders the binder as well, as the briquets-water-insoluble, smokeless and hard.

I have thus discovered-a method of binding together finely divided materials with a water-soluble binding material the chemical composition of which is so altered on heating that it is converted into .a hard, waterinsoluble, smokeless binder;

By water-insoluble I mean briquetswhich resist the disintegrating action of the water encountered by coal in the usual handling, shipping and outdoor stora' e.

By smokeless or nonvolatile binder I mean that upon duce more smoke than anthracite coal for exam 1e.

It is obvious that those skilled in the'art may vary the process without departing from the spirit of this invention. Therefore I do not wish to be limited to the above'disclosure except as may What I claim is: H H

1. A method of makirf'g a hard waterinsoluble, nonvolatile binding fuel material which method consists in mixing be required by the sulphuric burning the binder does not probin acid or the like with water soluhle orgonio adhesive material in such proportions that upon incorporating with connninuted inn-- terials, pressing into briquete and heating, the particles forn1'1g the hriquets will be held together byv a hard, Weteninsoluble, nonvolatile binder.

2. A method of making a herd, Water-in soluble, nonvolatile binding fuel material which method consists in mixing sulphuric acid with sulphite pitch in such proportions that upon incorporating with oomminuted materials, pressing into briquets and heating, the particles forming the briquets will be held together by a hard, water-insoluble,

nonvolatile binder.

3. A method of making a hard, water-iw soluble nonvolatile bindlng fuel materiel binder which method consistsin mixing sul phuric acid and sulphite pitchv in such proportions that upon incorporating with comminuted smokeless fuels, pressin bri nets and heating above 400 the tier becomes hard water-insoluble and nonvolatile. v

"4. A method of making a hard, water-insoluble, nonvolatile binding fuel material which method consists in mixing about one into 4 of commercial sulphite pitch; substantially as described.

d 6.-The herein described new compositlon of matter constituting a binding fuel material which com rises a mixture of an .acid and a water-so uble adhesive material in such proportions that upon heating pro duces a wsterdnsoluble, nonvolatile material cementing together the articles With which it is mixed; substantial y as described.

This specification signed this 7th day of December, 1923.

THEODORE NAGEL. 

